Resources
Overview of Migration
BibliographyBlegen, Theodore Christian. Norwegian Migration to America, 1825-1860.
Gjerde, Jon, and Carlton Chester Qualey. Norwegians in Minnesota. Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2002.
Malmin, Gunnar J. “BISHOP JACOB NEUMANN’S WORD OF ADMONITION TO THE PEASANTS.” Norwegian-American Studies, vol. 1, 1926, pp. 95–109.
Malmin, Gunnar J. “THE DISILLUSIONMENT OF AN IMMIGRANT: Sjur Jørgensen Haaeim’s " Information on Conditions in North America ".” Norwegian-American Studies, vol. 3, 1928, pp. 1–12.
Reiersen, Johan Reinert. Pathfinder for Norwegian Emigrants. Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1981.
Rynning, Ole, and Theodore Christian Blegen. Ole Rynning’s True Account of America. The Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1926.
Archival Resources
Johan Reiersen papers, 1844-1984
Elise Wærenskjold papers, 1839-2010
Paul Hjelm-Hansen papers, 1868-1983
Ole Olson Osterud papers, 1854-1894
Lars Nielssen Nesseim (Nesheim), papers, 1838-1961
Norwegian American Lutheran Church in America
BibliographyBlegen, Theodore C. Norwegian Migration to America: The American Transition. Haskell, 1969.
Fevold, Eugene L. “The Norwegian Immigrant and His Church.” Norwegian-American Studies, vol. 23, no. 1, 1967, pp. 3–16, https://doi.org/10.1353/nor.1967.a799040.
Lovoll, Odd Sverre. The Promise of America: A History of the Norwegian-American People. University of Minnesota Press, Published in Cooperation with the Norwegian-American Historical Association, 1999.
Nelson, E. Clifford, and Eugene L. Fevold. The Lutheran Church among Norwegian-Americans; a History of the Evangelical Lutheran Church. Augsburg Pub. House, 1960.
Archival Collections
Elling Eielsen papers, 1846-1997
Johannes W. C. Dietrichson papers, circa 1843-2012
Claus L. Clausen papers, 1841-1988
Congregations records
Lutheran Church papers
Knut O. Lundeberg papers, 1859-1942
Education
BibliographyBlegen, Theodore C. “The Immigrant and the Common School.” Norwegian Migration to America: The American Transition, Haskell, New York, 1969.
Grosse, I. F. “The Beginnings of St. Olaf College.” Norwegian-American Studies, vol. 5, 1930, pp. 110–121.
Hamre, James S. “Georg Sverdrup and the Augsburg Plan of Education.” Norwegian-American Studies, vol. 26, no. 1, 1974, pp. 160–183, https://doi.org/10.1353/nor.1974.a799082.
Jarchow, Merrill E. Private Liberal Arts Colleges in Minnesota: Their History and Contributions. Minnesota Historical Society, 1973.
Rolfsrud, Erling Nicolai. Cobber Chronicle: An Informal History of Concordia College. Concordia College, 1976.
Archival Collections
Augsburg College papers, circa 1870-1981
Lutheran Theological Seminaries papers, 1870-1998
Augsburg Publishing House papers, circa 1915-1944
Ole G. Felland papers, 1869-1935
Red Wing Seminary papers, 1887-1933
Bethany Lutheran College papers, circa 1911-1926
Lutheran Ladies' Seminary papers, 1894-1920
Concordia College papers, circa 1891-1979
Benevolent Societies
BibliographyFolkedahl, Beulah. “Elizabeth Fedde’s Diary, 1883-88.” Norwegian-American Studies, vol. 20, no. 1, 1959, pp. 170–196, https://doi.org/10.1353/nor.1959.a798997.
Archival Collections
Knut Gjerset papers, circa 1897-circa 2017
Lutheran Deaconess Home and Hospital (Minneapolis) papers, 1889-1939
Ephphatha Missions papers, 1925-1957
Minnesota Benevolent Societies papers, 1875-2001
Norwegian Hospital Society (St. Paul) papers, 1914-1928
Glenwood Old People's Home papers, 1915-1924,
Fairview Hospital and Thomas Hospital papers, 1910-1942
Elizabeth Fedde papers, 1883-2000
Norwegian American in Politics
Archival CollectionsAaker family papers, 1833-1958
Knut Gjerset papers, circa 1897-circa 2017
Hubert H. Humphrey papers, circa 1950-1970
Harold Knutson articles, 1945-1946,
Walter Mondale biography, 1979, 1984
Knute Nelson papers, 1860-1966
Norwegian Americans in politics articles, 1903-1951
Floyd B. Olson clippings, 1930-1986
Albert H. Quie papers, 1862-1982
Henrik Shipstead papers, 1925-1946
Edward John Thye papers, 1945-1958
Brenda Ueland papers, circa 1950-2005
Anti-foreign Animus
BibliographySchultz, A. (1992). “The pride of the race had been touched”: The 1925 Norse-American Immigration Centennial and ethnic identity. Norwegian-American Studies, 33(1), 267–307. https://doi.org/10.1353/nor.1992.a799258
Ager, W., Lovoll, O. S., & Chrislock, C. H. (1977). Cultural pluralism versus assimilation: The views of Waldemar Ager. The Norwegian-American Historical Association.
Emergency quota law (1921). Immigration History. (2019, August 20). https://immigrationhistory.org/item/%E2%80%8B1921-emergency-quota-law/
Immigration act of 1917 (barred zone act). Immigration History. (2020, February 1). https://immigrationhistory.org/item/1917-barred-zone-act/
Meshbesher, Samuel. "Norwegian Immigration to Minnesota." MNopedia, Minnesota Historical Society. http://www.mnopedia.org/norwegian-immigration-minnesota
U.S. Department of State. (n.d.). The Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act). U.S. Department of State. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/immigration-act#:~:text=The%201917%20Act%20implemented%20a,decisions%20over%20whom%20to%20exclude.
Archival Collections
Articles, pamphlets, reprints, and clippings collection
Foreign Language Information Service (Norwegian Bureau) reports, 1925-1931
Return to Norway
BibliographyAbramitzky, Ran, et al. “To the New World and Back Again: Return Migrants in the age of mass migration.” ILR Review, vol. 72, no. 2, 2019, pp. 300–322, https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793917726981.
“Becoming a Citizen: Naturalization Records, 1850 - 1930.” YouTube, 18 Jan. 2012, youtu.be/jH9xCXJwKf0?si=-N0nVOwgXUUoOYQX.
Roberts, Evan. “Across the Atlantic and Back: Tracing the Lives of Norwegian-American Migrants, 1859-1930.” Journal of Migration History, vol. 4, 2018, pp. 289-313.